8+ Why Goddess of War Divorced? (Chinese Drama)


8+ Why Goddess of War Divorced? (Chinese Drama)

The intersection of themes like female empowerment, martial prowess, and marital dissolution finds expression in specific Chinese television dramas. This narrative subgenre often depicts a central female character, skilled in combat or strategy, who navigates the complexities of divorce or separation from her spouse. This character subsequently undergoes a journey of self-discovery and often rises to a position of power or influence, independent of her former relationship.

This narrative archetype provides viewers with a vicarious experience of female agency and resilience. It challenges traditional portrayals of women in media and can offer a culturally relevant exploration of modern relationship dynamics. Historically, Chinese dramas have often adhered to conventional representations of gender roles, making deviations such as this particularly impactful. The appeal stems from the drama inherent in balancing personal struggles with external conflicts, often within a historical or fantasy setting.

Therefore, understanding the themes and characteristics of this dramatic subset provides valuable insight into the evolving landscape of Chinese television. The subsequent sections will delve into specific examples, exploring their plot structures, character development, and the underlying social commentary they offer regarding gender roles and societal expectations.

1. Female empowerment themes

The motif of female empowerment serves as a central pillar in dramas centered around a divorced “goddess of war.” The marital dissolution often acts as a catalyst, propelling the protagonist toward self-discovery and the assertion of independence. The character arc typically involves overcoming societal constraints and personal betrayals to achieve a position of strength, whether through martial prowess, strategic acumen, or political influence. This contrasts with traditional narratives where a woman’s worth is primarily defined by her marital status and domestic roles. A prime example is the fictional drama, “The Scarlet General,” wherein the protagonist, a renowned military commander, is forced into divorce due to courtly intrigues. This forces her to forge her own path, ultimately leading to her surpassing her former husband in both power and reputation. The divorce, therefore, becomes not a symbol of failure, but rather the inciting incident for her true potential to be realized.

The importance of female empowerment themes within this dramatic subgenre extends beyond mere entertainment. These stories provide a platform for exploring contemporary issues related to gender equality and challenging deeply ingrained patriarchal norms. By showcasing women who excel in traditionally male-dominated fields, such as warfare and politics, these dramas inspire viewers to reconsider established societal expectations. The practical significance lies in fostering dialogue around the complexities of female agency, the challenges women face in achieving positions of power, and the importance of self-reliance in the face of adversity. Furthermore, the “goddess of war” archetype offers a positive representation of female strength, providing role models for viewers to emulate in their own lives.

In summary, the presence of female empowerment themes is not merely a superficial addition but a fundamental element that shapes the narrative and resonates with audiences. The divorce acts as a symbolic rebirth, allowing the protagonist to transcend societal limitations and achieve extraordinary feats. The challenge lies in portraying these themes authentically, avoiding simplistic tropes and ensuring that the characters’ struggles and triumphs are grounded in realistic portrayals of the socio-cultural context. Ultimately, these dramas contribute to a broader conversation about the evolving role of women in society and the pursuit of equality.

2. Martial arts prominence

The presence of martial arts proficiency is integral to the “goddess of war” archetype within divorced-themed Chinese dramas. It is a key element enabling the protagonist’s empowerment and serves as a visual representation of her strength and independence. The martial arts skills are not merely aesthetic; they often become the primary tool for the character to overcome obstacles, defend herself against antagonists, and ultimately rise to a position of power or influence following her divorce. The divorce itself often acts as a catalyst, compelling the character to fully embrace and hone her martial abilities as a means of self-reliance and survival. Examples such as “Legend of Fei” which touches upon similar themes though not explicitly divorce, showcase a female lead whose martial prowess defines her journey and independence, mirroring the spirit of the “goddess of war” concept.

The practical significance of martial arts prominence extends beyond simple action sequences. It allows for a nuanced exploration of female agency within a historically patriarchal context. By excelling in a traditionally male-dominated field, the “goddess of war” character challenges established gender roles and societal expectations. The specific style of martial arts employed can also add layers of meaning, reflecting the character’s personality, strategic thinking, and cultural background. Furthermore, the training process itself becomes a metaphor for the protagonist’s personal growth and resilience in the face of adversity. Understanding the deliberate integration of martial arts allows for a deeper appreciation of the drama’s thematic complexity and its commentary on societal norms.

In conclusion, martial arts prominence is not a superficial add-on, but a fundamental component that drives the narrative and reinforces the themes of female empowerment and independence. The character’s divorce provides the impetus for her to fully embrace her martial skills, ultimately enabling her to overcome adversity and challenge societal expectations. The challenge lies in portraying these skills realistically and integrating them seamlessly into the storyline, avoiding clichs and ensuring that the martial arts serve as a genuine reflection of the character’s inner strength and agency. The incorporation of these elements contributes significantly to the impact and appeal of the “goddess of war” narrative.

3. Divorce as catalyst

Within the framework of “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama,” the dissolution of marriage frequently functions as a critical catalyst for character transformation and narrative progression. The divorce is not merely a plot point; rather, it serves as the inciting incident that sets the protagonist on a trajectory of self-discovery, empowerment, and often, retribution. This thematic element is crucial because it disrupts the protagonist’s established life, forcing her to confront personal vulnerabilities and societal constraints that were previously obscured or tolerated within the marital context. The severing of marital ties necessitates a reevaluation of identity and purpose, leading the character to embrace or develop skills and strengths that enable her to navigate a newly independent existence, often characterized by conflict and challenge.

Several examples illustrate this principle. In fictional dramas following this archetype, a female general, betrayed by her husband and stripped of her position, might utilize the divorce as motivation to hone her combat skills and reclaim her honor, eventually surpassing her former partner in martial prowess and strategic ability. Alternatively, a character might redirect her focus towards political intrigue, leveraging her intellect and cunning to undermine the forces that contributed to her marital demise. The practical application of understanding this “divorce as catalyst” element lies in recognizing its capacity to drive the storyline and inform the protagonist’s subsequent actions and motivations. It provides insight into the character’s internal conflicts and external challenges, highlighting the interplay between personal trauma and societal expectations. The dramatic tension arises from the character’s struggle to reconcile her past with her newfound independence and agency.

In summary, the role of divorce as a catalyst within this specific dramatic genre is paramount. It is the disruptive force that propels the protagonist’s transformation, unleashes her potential, and provides a compelling narrative arc centered on resilience and self-reliance. Acknowledging this connection allows for a more nuanced understanding of the characters’ motivations, the storylines’ underlying themes, and the societal commentary embedded within these productions. The challenge lies in representing the complexities of marital dissolution without resorting to simplistic tropes and ensuring that the divorce serves as a believable and impactful turning point in the protagonist’s journey.

4. Social commentary explored

The thematic framework of “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” provides a fertile ground for exploring various facets of social commentary. The female protagonist’s journey, precipitated by divorce, often serves as a lens through which to examine patriarchal structures, gender inequality, and societal expectations surrounding marriage and female roles. The narrative frequently critiques the limitations imposed upon women within traditional familial and societal systems, highlighting the pressures to conform, the lack of agency in marital decisions, and the repercussions of defying established norms. The “goddess of war” archetype, therefore, becomes a vehicle for challenging conventional representations of women and advocating for greater autonomy and equality. For example, a drama may depict the protagonist facing social ostracism and professional setbacks following her divorce, directly illustrating the societal stigma associated with marital dissolution and the inherent biases against divorced women. The prevalence of such themes underscores the potential of this dramatic subgenre to spark dialogue about pressing social issues and promote critical reflection among viewers.

The impact of this social commentary extends beyond mere entertainment. These dramas can influence societal perceptions and challenge entrenched stereotypes. By portraying strong, independent women who overcome adversity, they offer alternative role models and inspire viewers to question existing power dynamics. The exploration of themes such as marital infidelity, domestic abuse, and the unequal distribution of resources within families can raise awareness about these issues and encourage open discussion. The practical significance of understanding this element lies in recognizing the potential for these dramas to function as a form of social critique and advocacy. They can serve as a cultural platform for amplifying marginalized voices and promoting progressive values. Furthermore, the popularity of this genre suggests a growing audience demand for narratives that address social injustices and challenge traditional representations of gender roles. The themes presented resonate with real-life experiences of women facing similar challenges, fostering a sense of solidarity and empowerment among viewers.

In conclusion, the exploration of social commentary is an integral component of “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama.” The narrative arc, often initiated by divorce, provides a platform for examining patriarchal structures, gender inequality, and societal expectations surrounding marriage. By showcasing strong, independent women who challenge these norms, these dramas offer a powerful form of social critique and contribute to a broader conversation about gender equality and female empowerment. The challenge remains in portraying these themes with nuance and sensitivity, avoiding simplistic or stereotypical representations and ensuring that the social commentary is integrated seamlessly into the narrative structure. The careful and deliberate use of this social commentary can result in compelling and impactful storytelling that not only entertains but also inspires positive social change.

5. Character arc

The thematic element of resilience is central to understanding the character arc within dramas of the “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” subgenre. The narrative trajectory often showcases the protagonist’s ability to overcome adversity, transforming from a position of vulnerability following divorce to one of strength, independence, and often, leadership. Resilience, in this context, is not simply endurance but active adaptation and growth in the face of significant personal and societal challenges. The divorce event serves as a crucible, testing and ultimately forging the character’s capacity to withstand pressure and emerge stronger.

  • Overcoming Societal Stigma

    The divorced “goddess of war” frequently confronts social ostracism and judgment stemming from the dissolution of her marriage. The character’s resilience is demonstrated through her defiance of these societal expectations, refusing to be defined solely by her marital status. Instead, she leverages her skills and abilities to achieve success in traditionally male-dominated fields, challenging the prevailing norms and paving the way for other women facing similar circumstances. A fictional example would involve a character who, after being publicly shamed for her divorce, uses her martial skills to defend the vulnerable and establish herself as a respected leader, thereby redefining societal perceptions of divorced women.

  • Emotional Fortitude

    The divorce process inevitably involves emotional turmoil, including grief, betrayal, and self-doubt. The protagonist’s resilience is exhibited through her ability to process these emotions, learn from the experience, and emerge with a renewed sense of self-worth. This often involves confronting past traumas, seeking support from allies, and developing coping mechanisms to manage stress and maintain mental well-being. An example could involve a character who initially withdraws into isolation after her divorce but gradually rediscovers her passions and reconnects with her community, demonstrating her emotional strength and ability to heal.

  • Strategic Adaptation

    The circumstances surrounding the divorce often necessitate strategic adaptation. The protagonist may face financial hardship, legal battles, or political maneuvering aimed at undermining her position. Her resilience is demonstrated through her ability to navigate these challenges, leveraging her intellect, resourcefulness, and strategic thinking to protect her interests and achieve her goals. A hypothetical scenario could involve a character who, after being stripped of her assets in the divorce settlement, utilizes her martial arts skills and strategic acumen to rebuild her wealth and reclaim her position of power.

  • Reclaiming Agency

    The divorce frequently results in a loss of control over one’s life and destiny. The protagonist’s resilience is manifested through her active efforts to reclaim agency, making independent decisions, pursuing her own goals, and defying attempts to control or manipulate her. This often involves asserting her rights, challenging unjust systems, and forging her own path, regardless of societal pressures. An illustrative case might showcase a character who, despite facing opposition from her former in-laws, establishes her own independent business and uses her newfound financial independence to support other women in need, thereby demonstrating her commitment to self-determination and empowerment.

These facets of resilience are intertwined and contribute to the overall character arc within dramas exploring the divorced “goddess of war” archetype. The specific challenges faced and the strategies employed by the protagonist may vary depending on the specific narrative, but the underlying theme of resilience remains constant. The protagonist’s ability to overcome adversity and emerge stronger from the divorce experience serves as a powerful message of hope and empowerment, resonating with audiences who may be facing similar challenges in their own lives. The complex portrayal of resilience in these dramas provides valuable insight into the human capacity for growth and transformation in the face of significant personal and societal upheaval.

6. Historical/fantasy settings

The utilization of historical or fantasy settings within dramas focused on the “goddess of war” archetype undergoing divorce significantly shapes the narrative, character development, and thematic resonance. These settings provide a unique canvas for exploring issues of gender, power, and societal expectations, often in ways that contemporary dramas cannot.

  • Heightened Stakes and Conflict

    Historical and fantasy settings inherently allow for heightened stakes and more dramatic conflicts. Wars, political intrigue, and supernatural threats common in these settings amplify the challenges faced by the protagonist. The divorce, rather than being a purely personal matter, can become intertwined with the fate of a kingdom or the balance of magical forces. This elevates the character’s journey, positioning her as a leader and protector, not simply a woman navigating personal hardship. Examples include fictional dynasties with complex succession laws or fantastical realms where marital alliances carry significant political weight. In these scenarios, the divorce can trigger power struggles and alliances, forcing the protagonist to employ her martial prowess and strategic acumen to survive and thrive.

  • Exploration of Societal Norms and Constraints

    These settings enable the exploration of deeply entrenched societal norms and constraints related to gender roles and marital expectations. By depicting historical or fantastical societies with rigid hierarchies and limited opportunities for women, the dramas can highlight the protagonist’s struggle against these limitations. The act of divorce itself becomes a radical act of defiance, challenging the established order and paving the way for societal change. The rigid structures of these societies provide a stark contrast to the protagonist’s burgeoning independence and power, emphasizing the transformative impact of her journey. The story of Mulan, though predating the explicit “divorce” theme, exemplifies a woman challenging societal norms within a historical context.

  • Symbolic Representation of Power Dynamics

    Costumes, weaponry, and magical abilities within historical or fantasy settings provide symbolic representations of power dynamics. The “goddess of war” archetype is often depicted wielding powerful weapons, commanding armies, or possessing extraordinary magical skills, visually demonstrating her strength and authority. The divorce, however, can initially strip her of these symbols, forcing her to reclaim them or develop new ones as she redefines her identity and asserts her independence. The loss and subsequent recovery of these symbols become a powerful metaphor for her personal transformation and her rise to power. Historical military regalia, ancestral swords, or magical artifacts can all serve as tangible representations of the protagonist’s evolving strength and agency.

  • Exaggerated Expressions of Emotion and Relationships

    The dramatic nature of historical and fantasy settings allows for exaggerated expressions of emotion and complex relationships. The bonds of love, loyalty, and betrayal are often intensified by the high stakes and supernatural elements prevalent in these settings. The divorce, therefore, can trigger intense emotional responses and lead to intricate alliances and rivalries, adding depth and complexity to the narrative. The heightened stakes and dramatic potential create an environment ripe for compelling storytelling. Examples of complicated, power-laden relationships can be found in many palace dramas, providing a framework for the more specific trope of the divorced goddess of war.

The integration of historical or fantasy settings into dramas centered on the divorced “goddess of war” archetype enhances the narrative, provides a platform for social commentary, and allows for a more visually and emotionally compelling portrayal of the protagonist’s journey. The setting becomes more than just a backdrop; it becomes an integral element that shapes the characters, themes, and overall impact of the story.

7. Rejection of convention

The dramatic framework represented by “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” is fundamentally intertwined with the rejection of established conventions. The narrative arc, centered on a female protagonist who experiences marital dissolution, inherently challenges traditional societal expectations and gender roles prevalent in many historical and contemporary contexts. The act of divorce itself, often stigmatized or restricted in patriarchal societies, becomes a catalyst for the protagonist’s transformation and assertion of independence. The rejection of convention manifests in various forms, including defying marital expectations, challenging patriarchal authority, and embracing unconventional paths to power and self-fulfillment. This rejection is not merely a superficial rebellion but a core element driving the narrative and shaping the protagonist’s character development. The cause-and-effect relationship is evident: societal constraints and marital expectations trigger a rejection response, leading to the protagonist’s journey of self-discovery and empowerment. This understanding is crucial because it underscores the drama’s capacity to function as social commentary, prompting viewers to question ingrained societal norms and consider alternative perspectives on gender roles and marital relationships. The importance of this element cannot be understated, as it sets the stage for an exploration of themes such as female agency, self-reliance, and the pursuit of personal freedom. For example, in a hypothetical drama, a princess forced into an arranged marriage rejects her prescribed role and seeks a divorce, choosing instead to hone her martial skills and lead her people in battle, defying expectations and becoming a powerful and respected leader.

The practical significance of recognizing this rejection of convention lies in its ability to resonate with audiences who may feel constrained by societal expectations or limited by traditional roles. These dramas offer a vicarious experience of empowerment, allowing viewers to witness a character challenge the status quo and achieve success on her own terms. This can be particularly relevant in cultures where women face significant barriers to personal and professional advancement. Furthermore, the narratives can provide a platform for discussing complex issues such as marital abuse, societal pressures, and the importance of self-determination. This encourages critical reflection on these themes and promoting dialogue about alternative models for relationships and gender roles. The rejection of convention as a central theme provides both entertainment and meaningful social engagement. Real-world correlations might be seen in historical figures or contemporary activists who have defied societal norms to achieve their goals or champion the rights of others, echoing the spirit of the “goddess of war” archetype.

In conclusion, the rejection of convention is a defining characteristic of the “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” subgenre. It drives the narrative, shapes the protagonist’s journey, and contributes to the drama’s social commentary. Understanding this connection is essential for appreciating the full scope of the narrative’s impact and its potential to resonate with audiences seeking empowerment and inspiration. A challenge lies in presenting this rejection in a nuanced and compelling manner, avoiding simplistic portrayals and ensuring that the protagonist’s actions are grounded in relatable motivations and circumstances. By exploring the complexities of this theme, these dramas can offer a powerful and thought-provoking commentary on societal norms, gender roles, and the pursuit of personal freedom.

8. Independent strength

Independent strength serves as a cornerstone within the thematic framework of “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama.” The narrative structure frequently positions the female protagonist’s divorce as a pivotal event that precipitates a journey towards self-reliance and individual empowerment. This strength is not merely defined by physical prowess or martial skill but encompasses emotional resilience, strategic acumen, and the capacity for independent decision-making. The divorce often strips the character of societal support and marital alliances, necessitating the cultivation of inner strength to navigate challenges and achieve personal goals. This cause-and-effect relationship demonstrates that the loss of marital status directly leads to the development of independent strength as a survival mechanism and a pathway to self-actualization. The presence and development of independent strength is critical for the plot progression and character development in this particular drama framework.

Examples highlighting independent strength are abundant within this dramatic niche. Consider a character stripped of her military command and marital status due to political machinations. Independent strength enables her to forge new alliances, master previously untapped skills, and ultimately reclaim her position of power through strategic maneuvering and unwavering self-belief. Further, the practical significance of understanding this element lies in its reflection of contemporary societal shifts. As women increasingly challenge traditional gender roles and seek greater autonomy, these narratives resonate with audiences who value self-determination and resilience in the face of adversity. The independent strength demonstrated by these fictional characters mirrors the experiences of individuals who navigate personal challenges and achieve success through their own efforts, providing inspiration and validation for viewers.

In conclusion, independent strength is not merely a desirable trait but a defining characteristic of the “goddess of war” archetype navigating divorce. Its presence shapes the narrative trajectory, empowers the protagonist, and offers a compelling commentary on societal expectations and the potential for female agency. The realistic challenge of portraying this attribute lies in preventing it from becoming a simplistic trope, emphasizing instead the nuances of personal growth and the complexities of achieving true independence in a world often characterized by societal constraints. The ability of these dramas to explore and celebrate independent strength contributes significantly to their enduring appeal and relevance.

Frequently Asked Questions

This section addresses frequently asked questions concerning the thematic and narrative elements common to Chinese dramas featuring a “goddess of war” archetype undergoing divorce.

Question 1: What defines the “goddess of war” archetype in this dramatic context?

The “goddess of war” archetype refers to a female protagonist skilled in combat, strategy, or leadership, often placed within a historical or fantasy setting. She embodies strength, resilience, and a capacity for independent action, particularly following the dissolution of her marriage.

Question 2: Why is divorce a recurring theme in these dramas?

Divorce serves as a catalyst for the protagonist’s transformation and empowerment. It disrupts her established life, forcing her to confront societal constraints and embrace her own agency. This allows for exploration of themes such as female independence, patriarchal challenges, and societal expectations.

Question 3: Are these dramas primarily action-oriented, or do they explore other themes?

While action and combat are often prominent, these dramas typically delve into complex themes such as gender inequality, political intrigue, emotional resilience, and personal growth. The martial arts prowess is often intertwined with the protagonist’s journey of self-discovery and societal critique.

Question 4: How do historical or fantasy settings contribute to the narrative?

Historical or fantasy settings heighten the stakes and allow for exploration of societal norms within a specific context. The protagonist’s struggles against these constraints become more pronounced, emphasizing her strength and challenging conventional representations of women.

Question 5: Do these dramas promote a particular view of divorce?

These dramas generally portray divorce as a transformative experience, highlighting the potential for personal growth and empowerment. They often challenge the societal stigma associated with marital dissolution and emphasize the importance of self-reliance and independence.

Question 6: What is the significance of the female protagonist’s strength in these narratives?

The protagonist’s strength, both physical and emotional, serves as a central theme. It allows her to overcome adversity, challenge patriarchal structures, and inspire viewers to embrace their own potential. This strength is often depicted as a key element in achieving personal and societal change.

In summary, understanding the recurring themes and narrative elements within “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” provides valuable insight into the evolving representations of women in media and the enduring appeal of narratives centered on resilience and empowerment.

The following section will analyze specific examples of these dramas, highlighting their unique characteristics and thematic contributions.

Analyzing “What the Goddess of War is Divorced Chinese Drama”

The following tips offer guidance for critically examining dramas that feature a divorced “goddess of war” character archetype in Chinese television, fostering a deeper understanding and appreciation of the narrative’s complexities.

Tip 1: Examine the Societal Context. Understanding the historical or cultural backdrop is crucial. Analyze how societal expectations regarding marriage, gender roles, and female agency influence the protagonist’s choices and the narrative’s overall message. For example, investigate the legal and social constraints placed upon women within the drama’s setting.

Tip 2: Assess the Portrayal of Martial Prowess. Martial arts skills are often central to the “goddess of war” character. Evaluate how these skills are depicted and whether they serve as mere spectacle or contribute to the protagonist’s empowerment and strategic decision-making. Determine if the martial style reflects cultural or symbolic significance.

Tip 3: Investigate the Catalyst Role of Divorce. The divorce event is a significant turning point. Analyze its impact on the protagonist’s life, her relationships, and her overall journey. Assess whether the divorce is portrayed as a personal failure or an opportunity for growth and self-discovery.

Tip 4: Identify the Elements of Social Commentary. These dramas often offer social critique. Identify the themes being explored, such as gender inequality, patriarchal structures, or societal expectations regarding marriage. Determine if the narrative challenges or reinforces these societal norms.

Tip 5: Evaluate the Character’s Resilience. Resilience is a key characteristic. Examine how the protagonist overcomes adversity, adapts to changing circumstances, and maintains her strength in the face of challenges. Analyze the emotional and strategic aspects of her resilience.

Tip 6: Analyze the Symbolism of Power. Costumes, weaponry, and titles often symbolize power. Evaluate how these symbols are used to represent the protagonist’s status, authority, and evolving agency throughout the narrative. Consider if the symbols are reclaimed or redefined post-divorce.

Tip 7: Consider the Rejection of Conventions. The drama often subverts traditional tropes. Identify instances where the protagonist defies societal expectations, challenges patriarchal authority, or embraces unconventional paths to power. Determine the impact of these rejections on the overall narrative.

These considerations facilitate a more comprehensive understanding of the themes, characters, and social commentary presented within dramas centered on the divorced “goddess of war” archetype. A critical examination enhances appreciation for the narrative’s complexities and its potential impact on viewers.

By applying these analytical tips, viewers can gain a deeper appreciation for the intricate narratives and social commentary embedded within these dramas, leading to a more enriching and insightful viewing experience.

Conclusion

The preceding analysis has delineated the defining characteristics of dramas centered on “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama.” The convergence of martial prowess, marital dissolution, and societal critique forms a compelling narrative archetype. The exploration of female empowerment themes, the prevalence of historical or fantasy settings, and the consistent rejection of conventional gender roles contribute to the subgenre’s distinctive appeal. The significance of the divorce event as a catalyst for personal transformation and the emphasis on independent strength further solidify its thematic coherence.

Continued scholarly attention to this evolving area of Chinese television is warranted. Further research should focus on the reception of these narratives within diverse cultural contexts, analyzing their impact on audience perceptions of gender, marriage, and societal expectations. A deeper understanding of this dramatic trend offers valuable insights into the shifting landscape of media representation and its potential to influence social discourse. The examination of evolving societal norms that allows the creation of “what the goddess of war is divorced chinese drama” is something to see.